Golimumab

What is golimumab?

Golimumab belongs to a class of medicines called biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (biological DMARDs or bDMARDs). Specifically, it is a TNF inhibitor.

bDMARDs have now been given to over a million people worldwide since their first use in the late 1990s.

These medicines block substances, produced by arthritic tissues, called cytokines. These cytokines are found in excessive amounts in the blood and joints of people with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

They cause inflammation, which results in symptoms of pain, joint swelling and stiffness, and can lead to joint damage.

By blocking the cytokine called Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF), golimumab lessens inflammation, pain symptoms and helps stop further joint damage.

What benefit can you expect from your treatment?

You may notice lessening of joint swelling, pain and stiffness, often within the first 8 weeks of starting.

Stopping golimumab

If you stop or delay your golimumab treatment, you may worsen again. Keep on your treatment, unless told by your rheumatologist to stop or unless side effects occur (see Side effects).

If you stop golimumab for any reason, you must contact your rheumatologist. Failure to do so may mean that your treatment may no longer be funded

How will your condition be monitored?

• Medicines like golimumab are very expensive and highly funded by Medicare. Certain conditions must be met to receive it.
• Golimumab will only be given if your disease is active and if standard treatments have not worked.
• It will only be kept going if it helps your condition. This must be checked between 12 and 16 weeks after the start of treatment.
• Blood tests are needed during your treatment to watch for side effects and decide if the treatment is working.
• How often you have blood tests will depend on what other medicines you are taking and what other illnesses you might have. Your rheumatologist will advise on this.

How is golimumab taken?

Golimumab is injected under the skin of the abdomen or thigh. It comes in a pen or a syringe injection.

It can be injected by your doctor, nurse, carer or by you. If injecting yourself, be sure to follow the detailed instructions carefully to ensure the best response. It is particularly important to change where you inject each time.

What is the dosage?

The usual dose for adults is 50mg once every month.

Can other medicines be taken with golimumab?

Golimumab may be used with other arthritis medicines including:

• other DMARDs such as methotrexate
• steroid medicines such as prednisolone or cortisone injections into the joint
• anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as naproxen (Naprosyn) or ibuprofen (Brufen, Nurofen)
• simple pain medicines such as paracetamol.

Golimumab cannot be used with other bDMARDs.

There are separate information sheets for the medicines mentioned above.

Are there any side effects?

You might experience side effects with your treatment. Contact your rheumatologist if you have any concerns about possible side effects. Many side effects disappear when golimumab treatment is stopped.

Most common possible side effects

• Mild pain, swelling or itching at the site of the injection are very common (up to 20% of patients) but can be reduced by applying ice and antihistamine/steroid creams to the injection site and/or leaving the medicine out of the refrigerator for 30 minutes before injecting.
• Headaches, cough, stomach and bowel discomfort may also occur.
• As golimumab affects the immune system, mild infections, mainly the upper respiratory tract (e.g. colds, sinusitis) may occur more often. Treatment with golimumab may need to be briefly stopped for a serious infection so contact your rheumatologist for advice.

Less common or rare possible side effects

• Serious infections such as tuberculosis (TB) are seen rarely, and screening for TB is needed before treatment begins.
• Rarely, golimumab may cause an allergic reaction with itchy, red skin or a rash or a feeling of tightness in the chest and trouble breathing.
• Side effects involving the nerves, such as inflammation of the nerve to the eye, may also occur rarely, causing changes in vision or sensation.
• Very rarely ‘drug-induced lupus’ has occurred with symptoms of rash, fever and increased joint pain.
• Annual skin checks are suggested with any medications that can suppress the immune system as there is a slight increase in risk in skin cancers. To date research and use over 20 years, have not shown an increase in risk of other cancers.

What precautions are necessary?

Infections

• If you have a current infection of any kind treatment with golimumab should not be given until the infection is treated.
• You will need some blood tests and a chest X-Ray to exclude some chronic infections before your first bDMARD.

Use with other diseases
Worsening may occur of the following conditions:

• multiple sclerosis.
• moderate to severe heart failure.
• systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus/SLE) People with SLE are not often given golimumab but each case will be assessed whether safe by your rheumatologist.

Use with other medicines

• Golimumab can interact with other medicines. You should tell all your doctors about all medicines you are taking or plan to take. This includes over the counter or herbal/naturopathic medicines.

Vaccines

• If you are taking golimumab you should not be immunised with ‘live’ vaccines such as
• MMR (measles, mumps and rubella), Varicella vaccine (Chicken pox) or Zostavax (Varicella Zoster or Shingles), OPV (oral polio virus), BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin), Japanese Encephalitis or Yellow Fever. Talk with your rheumatologist before receiving any vaccines.
• Pneumococcal vaccines and the yearly seasonal flu vaccinations are safe and encouraged.

More information is available on Vaccinations in Rhematology and COVID-19 vaccination.

Surgery

• If you need surgery for any reason, golimumab should be stopped before surgery. It can start again after the operation at a time decided by your surgeon and rheumatologist, (often once the wound has healed and there is no infection).

Use with alcohol

• You may drink alcohol while taking golimumab. If you are also taking methotrexate you should be cautious about how much alcohol you drink.

Use in pregnancy and when breastfeeding

• It is important to discuss with you doctor if you are planning a pregnancy while on golimumab.
• It may be used in pregnancy and in men trying to father a child.
• If golimumab is kept going beyond 4 months of pregnancy it may increase the risk of infection in the newborn when live vaccines may be due. Therefore, vaccines such as Rotavirus should not be given before the baby is 6 months old. MMR may be given at 6 months. There is only limited information regarding golimumab in breast milk and while small amounts may occur, it does not seem to be harmful.

How to store golimumab

• Golimumab should normally be kept refrigerated; however if needed, for example when travelling, it may be stored below 25°C for up to 4 weeks and then used or discarded.
• Keep all medicines out of reach of children.

Important things to remember

• You must see your rheumatologist regularly to make sure the treatment is working and check for possible side effects.
• You should have regular blood tests as suggested by your rheumatologist.
• It is important to tell your rheumatologist if you have a new serious illness such as a serious infection, cancer or heart failure.
• If you are worried about any side effects, you should contact your rheumatologist as soon as possible.
• If you stop golimumab for any reason, you must contact your rheumatologist. Failure to do so may mean that your treatment may no longer be funded.
• If you plan to become pregnant, you must discuss the timing with your rheumatologist

For more information see the  Golimumab- printable information sheet